Ngai Māori me te Rautau 1940

Kua hipa anō te Rā o Waitangi.  Engari, i muri tata iho i te tīmatanga o te Pakanga Tuarua te whakamaharatanga o te rautau tuatahi o Aotearoa-Niu Tīreni, ā, i nui atu i te rā kotahi.  Koia, i te mahi ngā kaiwhakahaere o te Rautau [Centennial] i ngā tau o mua; he maha ngā hinonga ā-motu, ā-rohe hoki i whakahaeretia, hei tohu i te haere whakamua o Aotearoa me (ki te whakaaro Pākehā) te pai o te whakahoatanga o te Māori me te Pākehā.  I pāngia te Rautau e te pakanga.  Ka whakakorea e Ākarana (arā, te tāone me te porowini) āna hinonga, ā, nā te tokomaha o ngā tāne o te Tai Rāwhiti kua uru ki roto i te ope hōia i whakarērea ai te whakaaritanga o te taenga mai o Kāpeni Kuki ki Aotearoa i te tau 1769.[1]  Ahakoa te pakanga, ka ākina e te kāwanatanga kia tū tonu ngā whakamaharatanga i uru kaha ai ngā tāngata Māori. Engari, ehara i te mea he whakaaro kotahi tō te iwi Māori, ā, kīhai te Rautau i tautokona noatia. Āe, i whakakotahitia te motu, engari, ka whakakitea hoki te whakahē a te iwi Māori ki te kaupapa whakapākehā o te kāwanatanga, ki tōna ngoikore hoki ki te whakaea i ngā hara o mua.  Kei te tītiro te kōrero nei ki te urunga o te iwi Māori ki roto i ngā hinonga hei whakanui i te Rautau o Aotearoa, arā ki tō rātou pīrangi kia whaitake taua urunga, kia whai-painga rānei ngā hinonga Rautau a ngā iwi i whakaotia i ngā tau i whai nei. 

I runga i te Ture Rautau o Aotearoa 1938, nā te kāwanatanga he Kaunihera ā-Motu i whakatū, me “one person appointed by the Minister [of Internal Affairs] to represent the Native race”.[2]  Tērā hoki ētahi komiti ā-motu, me ngā rōpū ā-porowini.  I whakatūria a Tā Apirana Ngata hei māngai o te iwi Māori, ā, ka uru kaha ia ki roto i ngā mahi.  He mema hoki ia nō tētahi Komiti Rautau whaimana mō te iwi Māori i te taha o Tai Mitchell o Te Arawa, o Tau Hēnare o Ngā Puhi, me te rangatira wahine o te Kīngitanga, me Te Puea Hērangi.[3]  Kua tīmata kē ētahi mahi i mua i te putanga mai o te komiti nei; arā, i tīmataria ngā whakairo mō te wharenui ki Waitangi i te tau 1934; ā, i tahuri a Te Puea ki āna mahi hanga waka tauā i te tau 1936.[4] 

I te tatanga mai o te Rautau, ka noho rangirua pea ētahi Māori; me tautoko te whakanuitanga o te hītori koroniara o Niu Tīreni, kāore rānei?  I Hune 1939, ka mea mai a Ngata, kāore anō ētahi Māori kia “mahana” ki te Rautau; e ai ki a ia, nō rātou “a confused impression as to just where they were to fit in as regards the Exhibition, provincial celebrations, local celebrations, and even Waitangi.”[5]  Engari, e mārama ana, ki ētahi Māori, kāore he aha kia whakanuitia e rātou.  Ka inoi te Mea o Whangārei, a W. Jones, ki ngā Māori o Te Taitokerau “to eliminate dissension on all questions, including politics and religion, and to co-operate in order that the Centennial celebrations should successful”.[6]  I roto i te whare pāremata, ka tauāki a Paraire Paikea, “right down in the Maori heart still lingered a sense of the grievances of the last 100 years”, ā, me tahuri te kāwanatanga ki te whakatika i aua hē, hei “centennial gesture”.[7]  I tino mārama ngā kupu a te rangatira o Tūwharetoa, a Hoani Tūkino te Heuheu, i tāna tono i Tīhema 1938 kia hui ngā iwi Māori kia wānangahia tā rātou urunga ki roto i ngā mahi Rautau.

The Maori people cannot be expected to join in Centennial laudation of past treatment while our wrongs are ignored and our Treaty set aside. We must stand together; must decide in general meeting what action to take; and must prevent any suggestion that our disapproval is voiced by only a few of our race with fancied grievances.[8]

He whakaaro maha, he whakaaro kē ō te iwi Māori, engari, nā te putanga mai o te pakanga me te mānukanuka ki te hoariri o tāwāhi i toko ake ai te whakaaro me whakangungu tahi ngā iwi e rua i te motu.  Nā konei pea i uru kaha ai te nuinga o te iwi Māori ki roto i ngā hinonga Rautau.

Ko te hinonga nui rawa atu pea mō te iwi Māori i taua tau te whakamaharatanga o te Rā o Waitangi Day ki Waitangi.   Mai i te tukunga mai o te whenua o te Tiriti e Lord Bledislow i te tau 1934, ka aronui te hunga whakamahara ki te Whare Tiriti me te Pou-Haki.  Engari, i tahuri a Ngata rātou ko Tau Hēnare mā ki te hanga i tētahi wharenui mō taua marae kia whakapūmautia ai he tohu Māori, ā, ka pīrangi rātou kia whakatuwheratia i te wā o te Rautau.  Nā, he mea tuhi e tētahi rangatira o Ngā Puhi, e Hēmi Whautere Witehira o Mataraua:

He whakaatu ki te motu katoa. Tēnei kua timata te mahi o te whare whakairo mo te Tiriti o Waitangi. Hei whakamaharatanga ki te iwi Maori me te rau tau o te Tiriti o waitangi e heke mai nei a te Pepuere 6th, 1940.

       He mea nui tenei ki te motu. Ko nga rakau kei Motutau e whakairongia ana, i te kainga o Tau Henare. Ko nga tukutuku kei Kaikohe e mahi ana. He mahi whakamiharo, ataahua hoki; he tohunga rawa nga kai mahi no Ngatipourou [sic] i raro i a Apirana Ngata.[9]   

Nō te 5 me 6 o Pēpuere te whare i whakatuwheratia ai; hāunga ngā rawa me ngā hāora i tuku ai ngā tāngata Māori, e £26,300 te utu o te whare me te whakapainga o te wāhi i hui mai ai ngā tāngata 10,000, neke atu rānei.[10]  I tino pīrangi a Ngata mā kia whakakitea ngā tikanga Māori ki Waitangi i taua tau, engari, ka hiahia ia ki te whakaatu i te haere o ngā tāne Māori ki tāwāhi whawhai ai, arā ki te hāpai i tāna kaupapa o te “utu o te kirirarautanga”. Ahakoa kīhai i roa te whakatūranga o te Ope Māori, ā, kotahi wiki pea tō rātou nohoanga ki Pāmutana Nōta parakitihi ai, ka whiriwhiria ngā hōia e 500  “to represent all tribes in New Zealand”, ā, ka tae atu rātou ki Waitangi “to form honour guard for the Governor General” i te whakatuwheratanga o te whare.[11]   I a rātou i reira, ka tū he tari kimi hōia hei whakawai i ngā tāne Māori ki roto i te Ope Māori.[12]  Ahakoa te kaha o te pōwhiri i ngā hōia, ngā whaikōrero whakatari a Ngata rāua ko Paikea, me te ihi o ngā haka o Ngata mā i mua i te wharenui, tokoiti ngā tāne i tono ki te uru ki roto i te Ope.[13]

I taua hinonga, ka mau ētahi o Ngā Puhi i ngā paraikete whero hei porotehe ngū i ngā take whenua.  Ka whakamārama a Ngata i tā rātou mahi ki tāna whaikōrero, engari, kīhai i rīpoatatia nuitia e ngā niupepa.[14]   Engari, i puta mai he mate kino ake; kīhai a Waikato me Taranaki i tae mai ki te whakamaharatanga.  He take whakahirahira tēnei, nā te mea, e whā ngā tau i hanga ai, i whakahui ai a Te Puea i ngā waka tauā e ono hei tāruru mō te Rautau.[15]  Ahakoa i Waitangi aua waka, kīhai a Te Puea rāua ko Kīngi Korokī i tae mai.  Ki a Te Puea, he ngākau kawa tō te kāwanatanga ki te kīngi me te Kīngitanga.  E manatu ana ki te raupatu o ngā pakanga o mua, ka meatia e ia, he wā te Rā o Waitangi “for rejoicing on the part of the pakehas and those tribes who have not suffered any injustices during the past 100 years”.[16]

Nā, ka uru ngā tini Māori ki roto i te mahi a te hinonga Rautau.  I te rohe o Te Arawa ētahi; i Hānuere te tuatahi i Maketū i huraina ai he whakamauharatanga hei whakanui i te taenga mai i te waka Arawa, e ono rautau i mua.  Nā te whakakorenga i ngā hinonga o Ākarana, ka whakahirahira ake tēnei whakamaharatanga; e 4,000 ngā tāngata i tae mai.[17]   I Noema, ka whakanuitia te tuwheratanga o te wharenui, o Wahiao, i Whakarewarewa.  Ahakoa ngā whaikōrero a ngā kaitōrangapū Pākehā e whakanui ana i ā rātou kaupapa whakapākehā, he hinonga Māori ēnei. 

Ko te Ekipitini (Exhibition) tētahi o ngā mahi matua o te Rautau.  E 55 eka te nui o te whenua, e tata ana ki te papa rererangi o Pōneke, i whakanohoia ai ngā mahi whakangahau, ngā whakaaturanga pakihi, me ngā whakakitenga o ngā taonga o Aotearoa, me te haere whakamua o te motu.  E ono marama te roa, mai i Noema 1939.  I āhua tūreiti te whakaaro mō te “Maori Court”, hei whakakī i tētahi o ngā whare nunui. Nō Hepetema 1939 i tīmata ai te hanga; nō Tīhema i whakatuwheratia ai, engari kīhai i oti rawa te whakapaipai.  I reira a Ngata e hautū ana i ngā mahi.  Nā te Whare Taonga Tōminiana he whakairo i tuku, ā, i te mahi tonu a Pine Taiapa rātou ko ngā kaiwhakairo ko ngā kairāranga e whakaatu ana i ā rātou mahi ā-ringa.  E ai ki te rīpoata o te Tari Māori:

Adjacent to the meeting-house, representatives of different tribes were engaged in carving and weaving, and visitors were thus afforded an opportunity of seeing the Maori engaged in his traditional crafts. A series of entertainments were given, and visitors enthusiastically received the items, which mainly comprised vocal music and dancing. The programmes were provided by representatives of the Arawa and Taranaki tribes, and latterly by members of the Ngati-Poneke Young Maori Club, to whose continued efforts a well-merited tribute is due.[18]

Ahakoa he āhua iti te wāhi Māori, neke atu i te rua miriona me te hāwhe ngā tāngata i tae mai ki te Ekipitini, nā reira, ka nui atu te kitekite a Ngāi Pākehā i ngā tāngata me ngā tikanga Māori o te Māori Court i ērā atu hinonga Māori o te Rautau.[19]

No te mutunga o te Ekipitini, ka matea te whenua mō te tauā rererangi, ā, ka nui ngā kōrero mō te pēheatanga o te whare.  I pīrangi te mema o te Tai Tonga, a Eruera Tirikātene ki taua whare, arā hei “suitable centennial memorial for South Island Māori, something that could be ‘seen as an opportunity for a revival of Māori art and culture in the South Island’”.    I tautokona tāna tono e Ngata, ā, ka akiaki rāua kia nekea te whare ki Ōtautahi.  Engari, he nui rawa te utu o te neke, o te hanga, me te whakatika kei pīrau i te ua.  Ka maha ngā tau i noho noa ai te whare i roto i tētahi whare kāwanatanga; nāwai rā, ka tukuna ētahi o ngā whakairo ki te wharenui i Waiwhetū, me ngā tukutuku ki te Karapu Reihi Hōiho o Ōtaki.[20]

Ko Akaroa te wāhi o te hinonga matua mō Te Wai Pounamu i te 20-22 Āperira.  Ka tū he whakamaharatanga ā-hāhi, me ngā whakaaritanga o te taenga mai o ngā kainohonoho Wīwī me te huti o te haki o Ingarangi i te tau 1840.[21]   Engari, i nui hoki ngā mahi a ngā Māori, inarā, ko ngā mahi whakangahau.  E 500, neke atu rānei, ngā Māori i reira; i ākina e Tirikātene ngā hapū o Ngāi Tahu, ā, 100 ngā tāngata o te Ika o Mauī i tikina mai e Ngata rāua ko Paikea.  I tae mai hoki he Māori nō Rakiura me Wharekauri.  Tua atu i a Ngāti Ōtautahi me Te Pīpīwharauroa o Tuahiwi, ka tae mai hoki a Ngāti Pōneke hei kapa haka mō ngā whakangāhau.  E ai ki a William Renwick, ko tēnei “the largest and most representative Maori gathering ever to take place in the South Island.”[22]   Engari, me noho ngā kapa, me ngā tāngata Māori katoa, ki hea?  I matenui ngā tāngata whenua ki tētahi pā tauira, “not only as a place to help house the visiting Maori people, but also as a worthy reminder of a race of people who were here before the white people”.[23]  Nā te nui o ngā utu i whakakāhoretia te tono e te Minita o ngā Take a-Motu, e Bill Parry;  i taupua noa te puni mō ngā tāngata Māori i taua tau.[24]

I taua wā, i te whakaritea te kerēme a Ngai Tahu mō ō rātou whenua i hokona hētia i tērā atu rautau. I ngā mahi o mua e whakaaritia ana, “elders assembled on the edge of the ground and did not repress their feelings. ‘Way goes the land,’ one of them murmured. Another said, ‘Now the pakeha’s got the place.’”[25]   Ahakoa te whakatau a Temairiki Taiaroa i whaikōrerotia ai ngā tini tau i tātari a Ngāi Tahu kia whakatikatia ngā hara a te kāwanatanga, ka āhua pōuri te iwi i te kore kōrero a te Pirimia mō te kerēme.  Ko taua āhua tonu; he kōrero noa tāna mahi mō te whakahoatanga o ngā iwi e rua.  I tino pukuriri te iwi i te whaikōrero a te mema Pākehā o taua rohe, a H.T. Armstrong, e whakateka ana i te mana whenua o Ngāi Tahu,[26] e mea ana “whether the Maori claim to land was really any greater than that of the pakeha. He asked where were the original owners of the land and who did really own the soil.”  I whakahē te iwi ki te kāwanatanga, arā, mō ngā kupu a Armstrong kātahi, ka rua, mō te ngoikore o te kāwanatanga ki te whakaea i ngā kerēme Māori.[27]

I tomo hoki ngā tāngata Māori ki roto i ngā hinonga ā-porowini.  Hei tauira, ka ārahi a Te Ari Pitama i te kapahaka o Tuahiwi ki ētahi o ngā hinonga pūoro o Katapere.[28]  He kaipurei hoki ētahi Māori nō ngā pageant o tēnā rohe o tēnā rohe i whakaaritia ngā mahi o mua.  Ka whakakoretia e Ngāi Māori tētahi o ngā whakaaro mō ngā whakaari.  I meatia e te Banks Peninsula Centennial Committee kia whakaaritia te pakanga ki Ōnawe i te wahapū o Akaroa, i kōkiritia ai te pā o Ōnawe e Te Rauparaha me Ngāti Toa, ā, i mate ai te nuinga o ngā tāngata.  I whakaaetia e Bill Parry te kupu a Ngāi Tahu, “anything which tended to give reminders of old troubles should have no place in the pageantry”.[29]   Nō te hītori Māori o neherā ētahi wāhanga o ngā whakaari, pērā me te whakatōnga tuatahi o ngā kumara he mea kawe mai i Hawaiki, i whakaaritia i Whakatāne.[30]  Neke atu i te 1000 ngā kaipurei o Waimate ki te Raki, Māori mai, Pākehā mai, i whakaari i ngā mahi a ngā tūpuna mai i te tau 1350 tae atu ki te taenga mai o te hiko.[31]   Engari, ko te nuinga o ngā whakaari he hainatanga i te Tiriti, he pōwhiri atu rānei i ngā kainohonoho e tae mai ana ki te rohe.[32]  Hei tauira, i te whakaari o Petone ka whakakitea he “famous scenes from the past, including the early contacts and friendships between Maori and pakeha”.[33]

Ko ngā hinonga i raro o te ingoa Centennial i tū roa, engari kīhai pea i kitea whānuitia, ko ngā mahi hanga whare.  Mehemea ka whakaaro te kāwanatanga he pai te whare o tētahi hapori, hapu, iwi rānei hei hinonga Rautau, ka tukua tētahi pauna mō ia toru pauna i kohia e te iwi.  I whakaotia te nuinga o ēnei whare i ngā tau o te pakanga.  Puta noa te motu, ka kimi ngā Māori i te pūtea tāpiri nei ki te hanga, ki te whakahou rānei i ngā wharenui me ērā atu momo whare.  Hei tauira ko Tawakeheimoa, te wharenui Rautau i te marae o Te Awahou, ko Ruakapanga rāua ko Whanaua-a-rua, te wharenui Rautau me te wharekai Rautau i Uawa, me Hinematikotai, te Hōro Rautau i Tokomaru.[34]

Engari, ka whīwhiwhia ngā hapū i te rīpene whero a te kāwanatanga.  Hei tauira, i te whakamahere a Ngāti Wai kia hangaia he wharenui mō ō rātou hapu, ā, ka tonoa te pūtea tāpiri.  Ka whakahoki te kāwanatanga, me whakatū he kōmiti Rautau e ia hapū, e ia hapū; me whakamōhio ngā utu hanga, ā, me tuku “a sketch plan of the building which should have the memorial features in the form of carvings so that the Minister will be able to visualise the completed building”.[35]  I ētahi wā, ka whakakorea ngā tono, hei tauira, kia whakapaitia te marae o Te Kao.  Ko te whakautu a te Minita, mehemea he “distinctive memorial”, ka whakaaetia.[36]

I tohetohe hoki a Te Puea ki te Hekeretari-ki-Raro o ngā Take ā-Motu mō tētahi hōro i Muriwai. Ko te tikanga a te kāwanatanga: “the Centennial subsidy is payable only in respect of moneys actually raised and paid into a Centennial account. It cannot be paid in respect of gifts of labour, land or material.”[37]  Ka nonoi a Te Puea kia whakamōhiotia te rahi o ngā pūtea tāpiri i whakawhiwhia ki a Ngāti Porou me Te Arawa, e mea ana, he tino mōhio aua iwi ki te whiwhi i ngā moni kāwanatanga.  Ka whakahoki mai te Hekeretari-ki-Raro, ka tika ngā pūtea kua tukuna tika ki aua iwi, engari, ki te kāwanatanga, he iwi kotahi ngā Māori katoa.[38]  Ko te whakautu a Te Puea:

As to the amount of the Centennial Grants made to Ngatiporou and Te Arawa – let it pass.  I merely wanted to know how much greater was the cleverness or experience, or whatever you want to call it, of Te Arawa and Ngatiporou as compared with Waikato, which enabled them to draw thousands of pounds in Centennial subsidies. 

Ko te matū o tāna kōrero, he ngākau ngāwari tō te kāwanatanga ki a Ngāti Porou me Te Arawa i runga i tō rārou piripono o mua, o taua wā hoki. Ka rīria hoki te Hekeretari-ki-Raro mō tāna whakamahi i ngā kupu “tātou tātou”:  

Yes, “tatou tatou” is the word for the coming years, but alas, it does not bring back to Waikato the lands that were unjustly seized. Nor does it bring fulfilment, so far, of solemn promises made on behalf of the Crown.[39]

Ki ētahi, arā, ki te nuinga o Ngāi Pākehā, hei whakanuitanga te Rautau o 1940 i te whanaketanga me te haere whakamua o te motu i roto i te rautau kua hipa.  Ki ētahi Māori, hei whakamaharatanga i te taenga mai o te mana o Ingarangi, te taetae mai o ngā tini Pākehā, me te ngaronga atu o ngā whenua, mai i ngā raupatu, i ngā hoko hē rānei.  Kāore he mīharo, ka whakatau ētahi Māori kia kaua e tomo ki roto i ngā hinonga o te Rautau, ki te porotehe, ki te amuamu rānei.  Engari ka puta mai te Rautau i te wā o te pakanga, i whakakotahitia ai te motu katoa ki te whawhai i te hoariri.  Ki ētahi Māori, he huarahi te Rautau ki te uru ki roto i ngā mahi o te motu, kia kore rātou me ā rātou tikanga e warewaretia.

Whakaahua: He kapa Māori e parakitihi ana; ko te whare rūnanga kei Waitangi, he mea whakatuwhera e te kāwana tianara, e Viscount Galway i te whakamahara o tēnei wiki; He Māori e mātakitaki ana i tētahi reihi waka i tērā Parāire.  Weekly News, 7 Pēpuere 1940. AWNS-19400207-39-1, Auckland Libraries Heritage Collection.

[1] William Renwick, “Introduction”, i roto i tā William Renwick (ētita), Creating a National Spirit: Celebrating New Zealand’s Centennial, Wellington: Victoria University Press, 2004, p.16.

[2] New Zealand Centennial Act 1938, wāhanga 3 (g).

[3] Russell Stone, “Auckland’s Remembrance of Time Past” i roto i Creating a National Spirit, p.113.  Ka whakamoemiti a Te Puea i te Minita “for the honour extended to me as a Maori citizen of New Zealand and I have much pleasure in accepting your invitation”, Te Puea ki te Minister of Internal Affairs, 1 Āperira 1938. Centennial Records - Centennial - Maori Celebrations - Committee formed. C 420 483 IA1 2028 62/50/1, National Archives.

[4] Bernard Kernot, “Māori Buildings for the Centennial” i roto i Creating a National Spirit, p.65. 

[5] Evening Star, 10 June 1939, p.10.

[6] Northern Advocate, 3 June 1939, p.2.

[7] Gisborne Herald, 24 July 1939, p.7.

[8] Auckland Star, 16 December 1938, p.13.

[9] Te Karere, October 1939, p.351.

[10] Kernot, p.65; William Renwick, “Reclaiming Waitangi” i roto i Creating a National Spirit, pp.102, 104. 

[11] Renwick, “Reclaiming Waitangi” p.105. 

[12] Northern Advocate, 22 January 1940, p.6; 24 January 1940, p.6.

[13] New Zealand Herald, 6 February 1940, p.9.  See also: Apirana Turupa Ngata leading haka at the 1940 centennial celebrations, Waitangi. Making New Zealand Centennial Collection. Ref: MNZ-2746-1/2-F. Alexander Turnbull Library, Wellington. https://natlib.govt.nz/records/23012205

[14] Renwick, “Reclaiming Waitangi”, pp.107-8. 

[15] Auckland Star, 31 January 1940, p.8.

[16] Wanganui Chronicle, 3 February 1940, p.6.

[17] William Renwick, “Commemorating Other Places and Days” in Creating a National Spirit, pp.112-4. 

[18] Native Department.  Annual Report of the Under-Secretary for the Year Ended 31^st March, 1940. Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives, 1940, G-09, p.2.

[19] Kernot, pp.66-71; “The Centennial Exhibition”, https://nzhistory.govt.nz/culture/centennial/centennial-exhibition, (Ministry for Culture and Heritage), updated 27-Jun-2018.

[20] Kernot, pp.66-71; Press, 18 June 1940, p.11; Centennial Records - Centennial Exhibition - Maori Meeting House. C 420 463 IA1 2007 62/4/44, National Archives.

[21] Kernot, pp.66-67;

[22] Renwick, “Commemorating Other Places”, p.121; see also Press, 23 April 1940, p.10.

[23] Akaroa Mail and Banks Peninsula Advertiser, 31 March 1939, p.2.

[24] Akaroa Mail and Banks Peninsula Advertiser, 6 April 1939, p.2; Press, 25 May 1939, p.7.

[25] Renwick, “Commemorating Other Places, pp.122-3.

[26] Renwick, “Commemorating Other Places, pp.123.

[27] Evening Star, 22 April 1940, p.3.

[28] Ashburton Guardian, 14 May 1940, p.7; Press, 27 May 1940, 13.

[29] Waihi Daily Telegraph, 22 March 1939, p.4.

[30] New Zealand Herald, 18 March 1940, p.9.

[31] Northern Advocate, 2 January 1940, p.6; New Zealand Herald, 9 January 1940, p.10.

[32] Kernot, pp.66-71; Ashburton Guardian, 8 April 1940, p.5; New Zealand Herald, 18 March 1940, p.9.

[33] Evening Post, 15 January 1940, p.9.

[34] Ref: 1/4-000240-F. Alexander Turnbull Library, Wellington, New Zealand. /records/22819540; Centennial Records - Centennial Memorials - Maori Meeting House - Tolaga Bay.  C 420 476 IA1 2021 62/10/135. National Archives.

[35] Under-Secretary, Internal Affairs to Wiremu Taiawa Tamihana, 23 December 1940. Centennial Records - Centennial Memorials - Carved Meeting House - Ngatiwai.  C 420 478 IA1 2023 62/10/244 Part 1, National Archives.

[36] Minister, Internal Affairs to Minister, Native Department, 23 June 1939. Centennial Records - Centennial - Maori Memorials - Suggestions. C 420 483 IA1 2028 62/50/6. National Archives.

[37] Under-Secretary, Internal Affairs to Te Puea Herangi, 23 June 1941. Centennial Records - Carved Meeting House - Ngatiwai.  C 420 478 IA1 2023 62/10/244 Part 1. National Archives.

[38] Te Puea Herangi to Under-Secretary, Internal Affairs, 14 July 1941; Under-Secretary, Internal Affairs to Te Puea Herangi, 25 July 1941, ibid.

[39] Te Puea Herangi to Under-Secretary, Internal Affairs, 7 August 1941, ibid.