Te Kīngitanga me te Ao

Nā te urunga mai o Amerika ki roto i te pakanga, me Aotearoa hei momo puni mō ngā hōia e whawhai ana ki te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa, ka āhei te Kīngitanga ki te toro atu ki ētahi atu mana nunui o te ao.

Mai i Hune 1942 tae atu ki te mutunga o te pakanga, tata ki te 100,000 hōia nō Amerika i whakanohoia ki Aotearoa.[1]  Ka aro te Kīngitanga ki te whakapiki i te whakawhanaungatanga i waenganui o Aotearoa (o ngā Māori hoki) me ngā hōia Marikena, ā, ki te totoro atu ki ngā mana kē o tāwāhi.

I whakahirahira rawa ngā mahi a te Kīngitanga hei whakangāwari i ngā taunekeneke me ngā āpiha o ngā hōia, me ngā kaimahi ā-kāwanatanga o Amerika. Nā ngā whakahāweatanga i kawea mai i Amerika-ki-te-Tonga, i mahia ai ngā ture kaikiri ki te iwi mangumangu, ka puta mai he raruraru ki Aotearoa, arā, he taupapatu ā-tikanga; he kore pīrangi nō aua hōia ki te mahi tahi, kai tahi me ngā tāngata Māori.[2]  E ai ki a Michael King, ka nui haere ngā paku whawhai a ngā hōia Marikena ki ngā Māori puta noa te Rohe Pōtae i ngā marama tōmuri o te tau 1942.  Koia rā i tukuna he tono e Te Puea Hērangi kia kitea ngā āpiha i Manurewa.  Engari, ka roa te wā i noho ai ia e tātari ana, kātahi ka whakaitia e te āpiha Marikena. I a te Puia e hoki mai ana, ka whakapuakina te hara nei ki ngā kāinga Māori i pāhitia.  Kīhai i roa ka ara he kakari i waenganui i ngā hōia me ngā Māori. Nō konei i whakapā mai ngā āpiha kia tū mai he hui ki Ngāruawāhia.[3]

Ki tō Michael King whakaaro, ka whakaritea he tikanga i te hui nei, i meatia ai e Te Puea kia haere mai ngā rōpū iti ki Tūrangawaewae kia manaakitia, kia whakamanuhiritia.  He painga ō ēnei “garden parties” hei whakamārie i ngā raruraru.  Tokomaha hoki ngā hōia Marikena i tae mai kia kite i ngā rīkata ki Ngāruawāhia, i whakatūria ai he tikanga mahi moni, whakawhanaungatanga, e whāia ana tae noa ki ēnei wā.[4]

Tua atu i ā rātou huinga kānohi-ki-te-kanohi ko ngā hōia Marikena, ka aro atu te Kīngitanga ki ngā māngai ā-kāwanatanga o tāwāhi mā te tuhi reta.  Kei roto o ngā pepa a Pei Te Hurinui Jones i te Whare Wānanga o Waikato he reta nā Kīngi Korokī i tuku ki te Tumuaki o Amerika, ki a Franklin D. Roosevelt i te tau 1944.  Ka whakawhetaitia e ia ngā kupu ātawhai a te Tumuaki; kāore e tino mārama ana, e pā ana aua kupu ki a Ngāi Māori rānei, ki te Kīngitanga rānei, otirā, e ai ki a Korokī, ko aua kupu “have given such pleasure to my aunt, Princess Te Puea Herangi, and to my people generally”.  Ka tukuna hoki e te Kīngitanga ki te whānau Roosevelt he ipu hua rākau, me te ipu ingiki, he mea whakairo, hei “manifestation of the love and friendship that exists between my people and your own”.[5]  I kawea atu ēnei taonga e Walter Nash, e te māngai o Aotearoa ki Amerika.  Ko te Minita o te Tahua a Nash, ā, i muri iho ko te Pirimia.  I mauria mai hoki e Nash he whakaahua o te tamāhine a Roosevelt, me ētahi takoha ki a Korokī.  I tāna reta whakautu, ka mihia te Tumuaki e te Kīngi, e kī ana, ka whakairia te whakaahua ki roto i te whare rūnanga o te Kīngitanga, ko Māhinaarangi te ingoa.  Ka āpititia hoki he “invocation”, arā, he mōteatea Māori i roto i reo Pākehā.  Ka whakawhetaitia hoki te urunga mai o Amerika ki roto i te pakanga ki te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa, me ngā whakaaro papai o tōna whaea kē, o Te Puea, rātou ko ngā rangatira o Waikato.[6]

I te tau 1943, ka hoatu e Korokī ngā pauna e rima tekau ki te kaupapa pakanga i Rūhia, mā runga i tētahi huihuinga a te Kaunihera Uniana ki Ākarana.[7]  Kua mahi tahi te Kīngitanga me taua Kaunihera ki te tiaki i te kāinga Māori ki Ōrakei; i taua tau hoki kua tahuri te kāwanatanga kia tangohia taua kāinga.  Nā te tabtoko a te Kīngitanga, ka whakakitea he whakaahua nō Te Puea me āna kupu i roto i In Print, arā, i te niupepa communist.[8]

Nā, i āwhina te Kīngitanga i te kāwanatanga me te motu i te wā pakanga nei, e tuku ana i ngā tāngata hei hōia, hei kaimahi hoki, ā, e takoha ana i ngā moni mō ngā take pakanga.  Engari, nā ēnei momo mahi āna i kōrerohia ki runga ake, e kitea ana ka tū hoki te Kīngitanga hei mana motuhake.  Nā te mea, mā te urunga atu ki roto ki ngā mahi hirahira o te Ao, ka whai mana.  E ai ki te whakaaro Pākehā, i te nuinga (katoa pea) o te wā ka whakaaturia te Māori ānō nei he momo kē, he “noble savage”, he iwi toa, engari, he iwi kua hinga; he ariā tēnei i ara mai ai tō tatou ao mārire i whakaorangia nei te iwi Māori e te ātawhai o te Pākehā.    Heoi, ka pareparea te ariā nei e ngā reta a Korokī, ā, e tāna hoatu moni ki tētahi kaupapa kē o tāwāhi.  E kitea ana te mana o te iwi Māori, e āhei nei ki te tū ki runga i ngā atamira o te ao, kia mau tonu te tino rangatiratanga e whakatūturutia nei e te Tiriti o Waitangi.

Kei roto i tāku tuhinga rangahau [tirohia: https://indd.adobe.com/view/3ca0faf8-8646-4ca1-8a1d-1687245f157d​] he korero mō ētahi o ngā mahi o te Kīngitanga i te wā o te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao.  E kitea ana, āwhinatia ana ngā mahi pakanga, ā, tautokona ana te Rau Tau o Niu Tīreni, engari, tiaki ana hoki i ā rātou ake tāngata, tohe ana ki te kāwanatanga kia ea ngā hara o te raupatu, ā, whakahē ana i tā te kāwanatanga apu whenua ki Ōrākei.  Ki tōku nei whakaaro, ko ngā reta me te tautoko i ngā mana nunui o te Ao i te wā pakanga nei he tino whakatinanatanga nō te āheitanga me te whai tikanga o te Kīngitanga.

Whakaahua: He waiata-ā-ringa nā ngā Māori o Tainui I Tūrangawaewae, mō ngā hōia Marikena. (Tainui Maori performing action songs for United States servicemen at Ngaruawahia. Ref: 1/4-000349-F. Alexander Turnbull Library, Wellington, New Zealand. /records/22675703)

[1]Ministry for Culture and Heritage, First US Troops Arrive in Auckland, NZ History<https://nzhistory.govt.nz/us-invasion-first-american-troops-arrive-in-auckland> [he mea kite i te 13 Pēpuere, 2020].

[2]Ministry for Culture and Heritage, Americans and Māori, NZ History <https://nzhistory.govt.nz/war/us-forces-in-new-zealand/americans-and-maori> [mea kite i te 13 Pēpuere, 2020].

[3] Michael King, Te Puea, (Auckland: Hodder and Stoughton, 1977), wh. 212.

[4] King, wh. 212-213.

[5]Kīngi Korokī, Letter to FDR, August 10, 1944, Hamilton. Te Kohinga a Pei Te Hurinui Jones, Te Whare Wānanga o Waikato,

[6] Ahakoa e kīa ana he “invocation”, ka whakamahia he mōteatea i roto i te reta nei.

[7]Nancy M. Taylor, “The Home Front Volume I” in The Official History of New Zealand in the Second World War ed. by Department of Internal Affairs <http://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz/tm/scholarly/tei-WH2-1Hom-c13.html> [he mea kite i te 18 Pēpuere, 2020]

[8]“They Went And Told The World”, In Print, 9 Hune 1943, R17696305, Wellington, Archives New Zealand.